A vaccine is a substance that triggers our body’s immune system without exposing the full strength of the disease. So, what exactly do you think is in a vaccine, and how does vaccination fight the virus? And most importantly, which type of coronavirus vaccine should you pick? Does one vaccine provide better immunity than the other? Covishield or COVAXIN or any other vaccine?
We answer those questions in this BYJU’S Fun Facts video, by examining the relationship between our immune system and the coronavirus. You journey through the structure of the virus, the main disease causing culprit, what a vaccine is, how a vaccine is made and the types of COVID-19 vaccines that aid our immune system to combat the deadly virus.
Using this information about the importance of vaccines, how vaccines work and benefits of immunization, you can make the best pick from the lot of COVID-19 vaccines available to you.
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Video Chapters
0:00 – 0:22 Introduction
0:23 – 1:14 Why should we take vaccines
1:15 – 5:41 Different types of vaccines
5:42 – 10:10 Two types of COVID vaccines
#CovidVaccine #CoronavirusVaccine #Covaxin #Covishield #CowinVaccine #TypesOfVaccine #HowVaccinesWork #HowVaccinesMade #ImportanceOfVaccine #ByjusFunFacts
hey today we will take a look at the different types of covet vaccines but before that let’s understand what a vaccine does inside the body [Music] taking a vaccine is like conducting a fire drill preparing a defense strategy to get ready for the real fire or perhaps like taking a mock test to get ready for the final exam vaccines safely expose our body to the pathogen or the disease causing organisms these could be viruses bacteria fungi or parasites a vaccination is somewhat like showing us a photograph of the enemy for us to be able to remember it basically our immune system recognizes the Intruder and fights it off using antibodies without really making us sick and while this happens the immune system memorizes the details of the Intruder so in case of a real infection It is Well armed and prepared and all this happens with this tiny amount of liquid now we have a detailed video on how all this happens in the body and you can find the link below but for now let’s talk about the different types of vaccines vaccines in general have been developed with three different approaches ones that use a whole pathogen or the entire virus or bacteria two that use parts or subunits of the virus and three the ones that use only the genetic material of the virus let’s take a look at the first approach back in 1879 Louis Pasteur developed the first known vaccine for chicken cholera by a chance Discovery he noticed a culture of disease causing pathogens which had weakened over time this pathogen was no longer as deadly as the actual virus so when this weakened pathogen was injected into the body as a vaccine it acted like an injured and harmless enemy soldier walking right into our camp body recognized it as an intruder antibodies were developed and stored in memory the enemy soldier or virus on the other hand was so weak that it could barely cause any damage and it soon died this type of vaccine is called the live attenuated vaccine now since this vaccine uses the whole pathogen there was still a tiny chance that the bacteria or virus could begin multiplying within the body therefore it has to go through extensive testing before it can be injected into patients next the scientists decided to expose this virus to extreme heat and radiation to kill it the dead virus would no longer be able to multiply but it would still look exactly like the live virus so clever and with high safety standards this one could be delivered to people of all age groups the second kind of whole virus vaccine is called the inactivated vaccine the covet vaccine created in India covaxine is an example of an inactivated vaccine now the these are conventional approaches to making vaccines let’s learn about some next-gen approaches the second approach to making vaccines was to use only a small part of the pathogen and not the whole virus or bacteria scientists thought what if we introduce into the body the most prominent feature of SARS Kobe 2 or the coronavirus the spike protein what do you think is going to happen yes you’re right the immune system recognizes it as a foreign body and it continues to produce antibodies against it but the body would face no risk these types of vaccines are called subunit vaccines they contain only a small harmless part of the virus which is enough to trigger the immune system however there is a chance that this Spike protein alone may not get the attention of the immune system that’s why subunit vaccines contain another ingredient and adjuvant an adjuvant wakes up the immune system to recognize the subunit antigen the covet vaccine made by the company Nova wax uses this approach but the greatest challenge of the covid-19 pandemic was to produce large volumes of vaccines in the shortest possible time so while the conventional approaches were tried and tested the actual large-scale production of a whole virus or even a subunit vaccine could take several years and this is where the third approach comes in vaccines that use the genetic material of the virus so this time the scientists thought instead of injecting the virus or the spike protein into the body how about we make the body produce its own Spike protein and they came out with two types of covet vaccines based on this idea let’s look at them one by one the first one is the MRNA vaccine so what is an mRNA and mRNA is a messenger a messenger RNA it is Created from the DNA in the nucleus of a cell and it carries instructions to make a specific kind of protein the messenger RNA travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm where the protein manufacturing Machinery of the cell reads those instructions and starts to manufacture the spike protein and did you know that this mRNA is a super temporary messenger it gives the instruction and then dies off a bit like a disappearing message on your favorite app by the way you will also get a lot of interesting information about DNA and RNA at the by juice app so the idea behind the MRNA vaccine was to use the Machinery of our own body to produce the harmless Spike protein by itself the vaccine contains a modified mRNA of the coronavirus and once this enters the body it programs our cells to start producing the spike proteins the immune system recognizes the spike protein as an intruder and a mini war begins right inside our arm PS that is why our arm feels sore after a vaccine shot but it’s all good whoa all this without ever seeing the virus however the challenge here was the fragile nature of the MRNA to help it survive the MRNA is wrapped inside lipid nanoparticles like butter droplets if you can imagine this code keeps them stable and easily injectable into ourselves unlike the conventional vaccines the MRNA approach makes the vaccine production super fast low cost and scalable covet vaccines created by moderna and Pfizer bioent Tech have used this technology to produce their vaccines now one of the limitations of these vaccines is that they have to be stored and transported at extremely low temperatures which makes it a challenge for wide scale distribution and now let’s talk about the last type of covet vaccine the viral Vector vaccine this one also uses the third approach of using genetic material a viral Vector vaccine is like taking a car modifying its engine based on your requirements and sending the car off on your own secret mission a bit like a sci-fi movie isn’t it a viral Vector vaccine has two elements the shell or the viral Vector which is the car and the genetic material inside are modified engine a viral Vector vaccine uses a weakened virus as a shell the car this can be any virus even a cold flu virus the genetic material or the engine of this virus is removed in place of that a modified DNA of the coronavirus is inserted and once this is inside the body this modified DNA sends out an mRNA which once again programs our body to produce the spike protein pretty similar to the MRNA vaccines a viral Vector vaccine tends to be more stable for two reasons one it uses the DNA instead of a super temporary mRNA and second this DNA is encased in a virus shell that is why viral Vector vaccines can now be stored at more equity table temperatures Kobe Shield the vaccine developed by Oxford AstraZeneca the Johnson and Johnson vaccine and Sputnik V made in Russia have used this approach interesting wasn’t it it’s all about creating a memory the only difference is whether you show the real person or a photograph or even a nose or an eye in the end once we create immunity against the pathogen the war will be won for more such interesting content head over to the by juice app foreign
