Competing interests
T.A.Y. reports consulting fees from 858 Therapeutics, AbbVie, Acrivon, Adagene, Aeneid Therapeutics, Almac, Alterome Therapeutics, Aduro Biotech, Amgen, Amphista Therapeutics, Artios, Astex, AstraZeneca, Atavistik, Athena, Atrin Pharmaceuticals, Avenzo, Avoro, AXIOM, Baptist Health System, Bayer, BeiGene, Bicycle Therapeutics, BioCity Pharma, Bloom Burton, Blueprint Medicines, Bluestar Bio, Boxer Capital, BridGene Biosciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, C4 Therapeutics, Calithera Biosciences, Cancer Research Horizons, Cancer Research UK, Carrick Therapeutics, Circle Pharma, Clasp, Clovis Oncology, Cybrexa Therapeutics, Daiichi-Sankyo, DAiNA, Dark Blue Therapeutics, Dawn Manco, Debiopharm, Diffusion Pharmaceuticals, Duke Street Bio, EcoR1 Capital, Eikon, Ellipses Pharma, EMD Serono, Entos, Flagship Pioneering, Forbion, FoRx Therapeutics AG, F-Star Therapeutics, Genesis Therapeutics, Genmab, Glenmark, GLG, Globe Life Sciences, Grey Wolf Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Guardant, Guidepoint, IDEAYA Biosciences, Idience, Ignyta, I-Mab, ImmuneSensor Therapeutics, Impact Therapeutics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Intellisphere, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Joint Scientific Committee for Phase I Trials in Hong Kong, Kyn Therapeutics, Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Lumanity, MEI Pharma, Mereo BioPharma, Merck, Merit, Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Natera, Nested Therapeutics, Nexus Pharmaceuticals, Nimbus, Novocure, Odyssey Therapeutics, OHSU, OncoSec, Ono Pharmaceuticals, Onxeo, Pfizer, Piper-Sandler, Pliant Therapeutics, Plexium, Prelude Therapeutics, ProLynx, Protai Bio, PSIM, Radiopharm Theranostics, Repare Therapeutics, resTORbio, Roche, Ryvu Therapeutics, SAKK, Sanofi, Schrodinger, Servier, Stablix, Synnovation, Synthis Therapeutics, Tango, TCG Crossover, TD2 Theragnostics, Techspert.io, Terremoto Biosciences, Tessellate Bio, Theragnostics, Terns Pharmaceuticals, Thryv Therapeutics, Tolremo, Tome Biosciences, Trevarx Biomedical, Varian, Veeva, Versant, Vibliome Therapeutics, Vivace Therapeutics, Voronoi Inc, XinThera and Zai Labs. T.A.Y. also reports grant and research support from 858 Therapeutics, Accent, Aprea Therapeutics, Artios, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, BioNTech, Blueprint Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boundless Bio, BridGene BioScience, Circle Pharma, Clovis Oncology, Constellation, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, Cyteir, US Department of Defense, Eisbach Bio, Lilly, EMD Serono, Exelixis, Forbius, F-Star Therapeutics, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Golfers Against Cancer, Haihe Pharmaceutical, IDEAYA Biosciences, ImmuneSensor Therapeutics, Insilico Medicine, Ionis, Ipsen, Jounce Therapeutics, Karyopharm, KSQ, Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development, Loxo Oncology, Merck, Mirati, Novartis, National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, Pfizer, Pliant Therapeuticts, Prelude Therapeutics, Ribon Therapeutics, Regeneron, Repare Therapeutics, Roche, Rubius Therapeutics, Sanofi, Scholar Rock, Seattle Genetics, SpringWorks, Synnovation, Tango, Tesaro, V Foundation, Vivace Therapeutics, Zenith and Zentalis Pharmaceuticals. R.F.S. reports consulting fees from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, AVEO Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Editas Medicine, Eisai, EMD Serono, Exelixis, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Lilly, Loxo Oncology, Mirati Therapeutics, Pfizer, Silverback Therapeutics and Seattle Genetics; institutional research support from ALX Oncology, Ascendis Pharma, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, CytomX, Eisai, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, Immunocore, Jounce Therapeutics, Lilly, Loxo Oncology, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Moderna, Novartis, Pfizer, Pionyr, Pyxis, QED Therapeutics and Scholar Rock; equity in AbbVie; and the following patent: Neo-Antigens in Cancer (PCT/US2020/031357). U.V. reports grants and consulting fees from Merck; grants from Astellas Pharma and Bristol Myers Squibb; and consulting fees from Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Mural Oncology, Novartis, Pfizer and Xencor. J.F.G. reports personal fees and other support from Adaptimmune, AI Proteins, Alexo Therapeutics, Array Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Blueprint Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, Merck, Moderna, Palleon Pharmaceuticals and Tesaro; equity in AI Proteins, Alkeus Pharmaceuticals and Ironwood Pharmaceuticals (spouse); personal fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, iTeos Therapeutics, Janssen, Jounce Therapeutics, Karyopharm, Lilly, Mariana Therapeutics, Merus Pharmaceuticals, Mirati Therapeutics, Novocure, Nuvalent, Pfizer, Sanofi, Silverback Therapeutics and Takeda; and grants, personal fees and other support from Novartis. J.F.G. has an immediate family member who is an employee with equity in Alkeus Pharmaceuticals. M.M. reports consultancy for Castle Biosciences, Eisai, IQVIA, Merck, Moderna and Pfizer. M.M. also reports research funding from Aadi Biosciences, Alpine Immune Sciences, Arcus Biosciences, Arvinas, Ascentage Pharma, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Astellas Pharma, Aulos Bioscience, Bayer, Bicycle Therapeutics, Biomed Valley Discoveries, BioNTech, Bristol Myers Squibb, C4 Therapeutics, Dragonfly Therapeutics, EMD Serono, Epizyme, Erasca, Exelixis, Foghorn Therapeutics, G1 Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, IDEAYA Biosciences, Ikena Oncology, ImmVira Pharma, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Jacobio Pharmaceuticals, Kechow Pharma, Kezar Life Sciences, Kinnate BioPharma, MedImmune, Mereo BioPharma, Metabomed, Moderna, NBE Therapeutics, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, NucMito Pharmaceuticals, OncoC4, Oncorus, OnKure Therapeutics, PACT Pharma, Pfizer, Plexxikon, Poseida Therapeutics, Prelude Therapeutics, Pyramid Biosciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sapience Therapeutics, Scholar Rock, Seattle Genetics, Synthorx, Tempest Therapeutics, Teneobio, Tizona Therapeutics, Tmunity Therapeutics, TopAlliance Biosciences and Xilio Therapeutics. M.B. reports personal fees from Tempus Labs and personal fees from Texas Oncology outside the submitted work. A.A.T. reports consulting or advisory roles for Bayer, BioNTech, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clinigen, ConcertAI, Eisai, Genentech/Roche, Instil Bio, Merck, Novartis, Partner Therapeutics and Sanofi/Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and has received institutional research funding from Acrotech Biopharma, Agenus, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clinigen, Genentech/Roche, InflaRx, Merck, OncoSec, Pfizer, Sanofi/Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Scholar Rock. B.B. reports research funding from Agenus and NanoView Biosciences, travel expenses from Agenus and Erytech Pharma and advisory board and consulting for BioLineRx, Blueprint Medicines and Enlivex. G.S. reports serving on advisory boards for Aktis Oncology, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bicycle Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi-Sankyo, Ellipses Pharma, EMD Serono, Exelixis, G1 Therapeutics, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Lilly/Loxo Oncology, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi, Scholar Rock, Servier and Tempus; receiving institutional research support from Bayer, Blue Earth Diagnostics, EMD Serono, Exelixis and Sumitomo Pharma; receiving speaker’s fees from AstraZeneca, AVEO Oncology, Bayer, Exelixis, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Natera, Pfizer and Seagen; receiving data safety monitoring committee honorarium from Mereo BioPharma; and receiving writing/editing fees from Onviv, Practice Update and UpToDate. G.S. also has a spouse employed by Exact Sciences and Myriad Genetics and received travel costs from Astellas Pharma and Bristol Myers Squibb. D.K., D.P. and S.B. have no disclosures to report. Y.J., L.L., S.H., G.T., S.D., M.Q., J.M. and L.G. are employees of Scholar Rock.