Hi, I’m Tiya Ghosh. I would like to share some information about health & nutrition, lifestyle & fitness.
Vitamins are vital amines, some organic compounds which can’t be synthesized in our body, we should consume these from different types of foods. Vitamins are very important for our health. They have many health benefits, immunity is one of them. Vitamins can regulate, stimulate, & modulate our innate & adaptive both immune system.
Vitamin -A: The active form of vitamin -A is retinoic acid. Isomers of retinoic acid act as steroid hormones & can stimulate retinoid receptors present within nucleus of the cell.
There are two types of retinoid receptors. One is RAR- Retinoic Acid Receptor, & other is RXR – Retinoid X Receptor. These two receptors present within nucleus as a heterodimer. Retinoic acid stimulates this receptor combo RAR-RXR , which binds with retinoic acid receptor elements in DNA & start transcription of vita-A specific gene. So, in this way vita-A can regulate , stimulate & modulate the immune cells.
Vita-A also help in innate immunity. Vita-A acts as barrier in skin, GI tract, Respiratory tract, epithelial cells & mucosal cell infection.It stimulates mucosal cells to produce mucus , which improves mucosal immunity.
It acts as an anti inflammatory. It transfers M1 macrophages (pro inflammatory cytokines) to M2 macrophages (anti inflammatory cytokines) in bone marrow & reduces inflammation in our body.
It helps in growth & proliferation of B lymphocytes cells & division & signaling of T lymphocytes cells.
Due to vita -A deficiency our first line defence compromised & increase the chance of infection.
Vitamin – D: vita-D3 is a potent immuno modulator. The active form of vita-D is 1,25 dihydro vitaD3 acts as a steroid hormone, & can regulate several gene expression.
VDR or vita-D receptor binds with RXR & form a heterodimer complex. VitaminD3 stimulates this complex, which binds with vitamin D response elements in DNA & start specific gene transcription.
Different immuno cells such as macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, activated T cells have vitaminD receptors. Vitamin-D regulates function of these cells as a ligand. AMPs (anti microbial peptides), & immuno proteins are essential component of innate immunity. Vita D3 can regulates function of two AMP peptides these are cathelicidin & defensin. VitaD can modulate the balance of TH1 & TH2, & prevents the chances of auto immuno disease.
Vita D deficiency leads to auto immuno disease like IDDM, MS, SLE, RH.
Vitamin-C: vita C is a highly effective antioxidant. It protects our body cells from ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). It increases chemotaxis & oxidants formation ability of leucocytes & macrophages. After bacteria killing vita C nutrilizes excess oxidants & protects leucocytes & other immuno cells from auto oxidation. It can modulate cytokines production & helps in reduceing inflammation. It increases interferon level which has an antiviral properties. VitaC deficiency increases level of C-Reactive protein in our body, which leads to several auto immuno diseases.
Vitamin-E : vitaminE is a lipid soluble antioxidant. It protects PUFA (present in immune cell membrane)from lipid per oxidation. It helps in T cell mediate immune response. It increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells & chemotaxis, & phagocytic ability of neutrophils.
It reduces production of immuno suppressive factors TGF – beta, LBIF, SER etc.
Vitamin -E deficiency impaired our both humoral, & cell mediate immunity.
Vitamin-B6: vitamin B6 is essential for amino acids metabolism & synthesis. Amino acids are building block of immuno protein like cytokines, antibodies.vitaB6 helps in immuno tolarence of feotus in pregnancy.
Folic acid- Folic acid is essential for production of immune cells. It helps in neuclic acid synthesis.
Vitamin-B12: It helps in production of energy from food. Immune cells have high metabolic activity, & proliferation rate , which required high energy supplies. So, for proper functions of immune cells vitaB12 is necessary.
Role of nutrients in immunity||part -1|| macronutrients, video link:
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