AlWatban N, Othman F, Almosnid N, AlKadi K, Alajaji M, Aldeghaither D. The emergence and growth of digital health in Saudi Arabia: a success story. In Digitalization of Medicine in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: Paradigm Changes in Healthcare and Biomedical Research, 13-34 (Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2024).
Al Ansari, F. S. et al. Using mobile health applications to enhance physical activity in Saudi arabia: a cross-sectional study on users’ perceptions. Int. Health. 15 (1), 47–55 (2023).
Bardus, M. et al. Exploring the use of mobile and wearable technology among university student athletes in lebanon: a cross-sectional study. Sensors 21 (13), 4472 (2021).
Bull, F. C. et al. World health organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br. J. Sports Med. 54 (24), 1451–1462 (2020).
Corliss, J. Do fitness trackers really help people move more? (2024). https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/do-fitness-trackers-really-help-people-move-more#:~:text=The%20median%20duration%20of%20the,vigorous%20physical%20activity%20per%20week. Published 2022. Accessed October 1.
Shei, R-J., Holder, I. G., Oumsang, A. S., Paris, B. A. & Paris, H. L. Wearable activity trackers–advanced technology or advanced marketing? Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 122 (9), 1975–1990 (2022).
Research Gv. Wearable Technology Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Eyewear & Headwear, Wristwear), By Application (Consumer Electronics, Healthcare), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2025–2030. Grand view Research Published (2024). https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/wearable-technology-market. Accessed March 20, 2025.
Escobar-Linero, E., Muñoz-Saavedra, L., Luna-Perejón, F., Sevillano, J. L. & Domínguez-Morales, M. Wearable health devices for diagnosis support: evolution and future tendencies. Sensors 23 (3), 1678 (2023).
The Connected World. Exploring the Impact of Smart Wearables Across Industries [press release]. Noth america: Total telecom2024.
Pangarkar, T. Published Smart Wearables Statistics 2025 By Devices, Technology, Usage. Market.us Scoop. (2025). https://scoop.market.us/smart-wearables-statistics/. Accessed March 20, 2025.
Vision, S. (2016). Vision 2030: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In. (2030).
Vietor, R. & Sheldahl-Thomason, H. Saudi arabia: vision 2030. Harv. Bus. School Case. 718, 034 (2018).
Alzghaibi, H. Barriers to the utilization of the Sehaty mobile health application in Saudi arabia: a cross-sectional survey of non-healthcare users. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 12, 1554078 (2025).
Ministry of Health Sa. Seha virtual hospital. Ministry of Health https://Published (2024). www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/Projects/Pages/Seha-Virtual-Hospital.aspx. Accessed 6/23/2025, 2025.
Alkathiri, S., Alothman, R., Ata, S. & Alruthia, Y. Evaluating the Wasfaty E-Prescribing Platform Against Best Practices for Computerized Provider Order Entry. Paper presented at: Healthcare2025.
Syed, W. & Al-Rawi, M. B. A. Community pharmacists awareness, perceptions, and opinions of artificial intelligence: a cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Technol. Health Care. 32 (1), 481–493 (2024).
Syed, W., Basil, A. & Al-Rawi, M. Assessment of awareness, perceptions, and opinions towards artificial intelligence among healthcare students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Medicina 59 (5), 828 (2023).
Saudi Arabia Wearable Computing Market Size & & Outlook HORIZON GRAND VIEW RESEARCH (2024). https://www.grandviewresearch.com/horizon/outlook/wearable-computing-market/saudi-arabia#:~:text=The%20Saudi%20Arabia%20wearable%20computing,revenue%20generating%20product%20in%202023. Accessed October 1.
Insights, F. B. Medical Devices Market Size. Share and Industry Analysis by Type (Orthopedic Devices, Cardiovascular Devices, Diagnostic Imaging, IVD, MIS, Wound Management, Diabetes Care, Ophthalmic Devices, Dental & Nephrology), End User (Hospitals & Ambulatory Surgical Centers and Clinics) and Regional Forecast. ;2025(10):2019. (2019).
Kinney, D. A., Nabors, L. A., Merianos, A. L. & Vidourek, R. A. College students’ use and perceptions of wearable fitness trackers. Am. J. Health Educ. 50 (5), 298–307 (2019).
Tong, H. L. et al. The use of mobile apps and fitness trackers to promote healthy behaviors during COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey. PLOS Digit. Health. 1 (8), e0000087 (2022).
AlSayegh, L. A. et al. Association between fitness tracker use, physical activity, and general health of adolescents in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. J. Family Community Med. 30 (4), 251–258 (2023).
Asimakopoulos, S., Asimakopoulos, G. & Spillers, F. Motivation and user engagement in fitness tracking: Heuristics for mobile healthcare wearables. Paper presented at: Informatics2017.
Ferguson, T. et al. Effectiveness of wearable activity trackers to increase physical activity and improve health: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Lancet Digit. Health. 4 (8), e615–e626 (2022).
Maher, C., Ryan, J., Ambrosi, C. & Edney, S. Users’ experiences of wearable activity trackers: a cross-sectional study. BMC public. Health. 17, 1–8 (2017).
Kim, J. & Park, H-A. Development of a health information technology acceptance model using consumers’ health behavior intention. J. Med. Internet. Res. 14 (5), e2143 (2012).
Bauer, J. E. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice 3rd edn (In: Medknow, 2004).
Ahadzadeh, A. S., Pahlevan Sharif, S., Ong, F. S. & Khong, K. W. Integrating health belief model and technology acceptance model: an investigation of health-related internet use. J. Med. Internet Res. 17 (2), e45 (2015).
Izu, L., Scholtz, B. & Fashoro, I. Wearables and their potential to transform health management: A step towards sustainable development goal 3. Sustainability 16 (5), 1850 (2024).
Masoumian Hosseini, M., Masoumian Hosseini, S. T., Qayumi, K., Hosseinzadeh, S. & Sajadi Tabar, S. S. Smartwatches in healthcare medicine: assistance and monitoring; a scoping review. BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Mak. 23 (1), 248 (2023).
Scheid, J. L. & West, S. L. Opportunities of wearable technology to increase physical activity in individuals with chronic disease: an editorial. In. Vol 16: MDPI; :3124. (2019).
Alhammad, S. A. et al. Physical activity levels among undergraduate students at the college of applied medical Sciences, King Saud University, riyadh: A prevalence study. Medicine 102 (48), e36386 (2023).
Bashatah, A., Qadhi, O. A., Al Sadoun, A., Syed, W. & Al-Rawi, M. B. A. Evaluation of young adults’ physical activity status and perceived barriers in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Journal Multidisciplinary Healthcare 16, 557–569. (2023).
Alobaid, A. M., Syed, W. & Al-Rawi, M. B. A. Factors associated with sedentary behavior and physical activity among people living in Saudi Arabia–A Cross-Sectional study. Risk Manage. Healthc. Policy 16, 1985–1997. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S427792 (2020).
Bashatah, A., Qadhi, O. A., Al Sadoun, A., Syed, W. & Al-Rawi, M. B. A. Evaluation of young adults’ physical activity status and perceived barriers in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. J. Multidiscip Healthc. 16, 557–569 (2023).
Samreen, S., Siddiqui, N. A. & Mothana, R. A. Prevalence of anxiety and associated factors among pharmacy students in Saudi arabia: A cross-sectional study. Biomed. Res. Int. 2020 (1), 2436538 (2020).
Samreen, S., Siddiqui, N. A., Wajid, S., Mothana, R. A. & Almarfadi, O. M. Prevalence and use of dietary supplements among pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manage. Healthc. Policy 13, 1523–1531 (2020).
Yun, T. C., Ahmad, S. R. & Quee, D. K. S. Dietary habits and lifestyle practices among university students in universiti Brunei Darussalam. Malays J. Med. Sci. 25 (3), 56–66 (2018).
Schaben, J. A. & Furness, S. Investing in college students: the role of the fitness tracker. Digit. Health. 4, 2055207618766800 (2018).
Eysenbach, G. Improving the quality of Web surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). In. Vol 6: Gunther Eysenbach Centre for Global eHealth Innovation, Toronto, Canada; :e34. (2004).
Syed, W. et al. Prevalence and satisfaction levels of complementary alternative medicine use for the headaches–a cross-sectional study. Dis. Manag. 5, 6 (2024).
Alghamdi, A. et al. Evaluation of clinical characters and use of alternative medicines in the management of headache and predictors of treatment satisfaction among Saudi adults–A community-based study in Saudi Arabia. Prev. Med. Rep. 43, 102787 (2024).
Raosoft Sample size calculator. http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html. Published 2025. Accessed.
Creaser, A. V. et al. The acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of wearable activity trackers for increasing physical activity in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18 (12), 6211 (2021).
Amer, S. A. et al. Prevalence and determinants of mobile health applications usage: A National descriptive study. Front. Public. Health. 10, 838509 (2022).
Ráthonyi, G., Ráthonyi-Odor, K., Bendíková, E. & Bába, É. B. Wearable activity trackers usage among university students. Eur. J. Contemp. Educ. 8 (3), 600–612 (2019).
Rauf, A., Shafi, M. T., Sadiq, S., Asim, H. M. & Ahmad, H. U. Knowledge and perception of personal activity intelligence (PAI) among medical students: A Cross-Sectional study. J. Health Rehabilitation Res. 4 (2), 1006–1013 (2024).
Creaser, A. V., Frazer, M. T., Costa, S., Bingham, D. D. & Clemes, S. A. The Use of Wearable Activity Trackers in Schools to Promote Child and Adolescent Physical Activity: A Descriptive Content Analysis of School Staff’s Perspectives. Int J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 19(21), 14067 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114067 (2022).
Ng, K. et al. Clusters of adolescent physical activity tracker patterns and their associations with physical activity behaviors in Finland and ireland: cross-sectional study. J. Med. Internet. Res. 22 (9), e18509 (2020).
Naglis, M. & Bhatiasevi, V. Why do people use fitness tracking devices in thailand? An integrated model approach. Technol. Soc. 58, 101146 (2019).
Abdelhamid, M. Fitness tracker information and privacy management: empirical study. J. Med. Internet Res. 23 (11), e23059 (2021).
Papalia, Z., Wilson, O., Bopp, M. & Duffey, M. Technology-based physical activity self-monitoring among college students. Int. J. Exerc. Sci. 11 (7), 1096 (2018).
Larsen, R. T. et al. Effectiveness of physical activity monitors in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj 376, e068047 (2022).
Adapa, A., Nah, F. F. H., Hall, R. H., Siau, K. & Smith, S. N. Factors influencing the adoption of smart wearable devices. Int. J. Human–Computer Interact. 34 (5), 399–409 (2018).
Corliss, J. Do fitness trackers really help people move more? Harward Health Publishing https:// (2024). www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/do-fitness-trackers-really-help-people-move-more#:~:text=Researchers%20found%20that%20on%20average,that%20amount%20wasn%27t%20significant. Published 2022. Accessed October 23.
