Vitamins and their deficiency diseases – Static GK for Entrance Exams
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The types of Vitamins – A, B complex, C, D, E, K. Scientific or chemical names, Sources, deficiency diseases, effects of over consumption of Vitamins have been discussed for questions asked in GK section of the Competitive Examinations.
VITAMIN K (Phylloquinone)
Source – Green leafy vegetables, soya beans. The human body can also produce Vitamin K through germs in the colon (part of small intestine).
Functions – Helps blood clotting, prevent over bleeding and maintains health of the liver
Symptoms of Deficiency – Uncontrol bleeding from wounds due to clotting difficulty
Symptoms of Excess – Can lead to Liver damage
VITAMIN E (Tocopherol) Beauty Vitamin
Source – Green leafy vegetables, whole-wheat cereals, nuts, sprouts, egg yolk
Function – Maintains normal conditions of cells, and healthy skin and tissues, protects red blood cells, Antioxidation, Enhance immunity
Symptoms of Deficiency – New born infants: hemolytic anemia, Adults: weakness
Symptoms of Excess – Low thyroxine level, Fertility Disease, Headache, dizziness, fatigue, Stomach discomfort, poor appetite
VITAMIN D (Calciferol) (Sunshine Vitamin)
Source – Egg yolk, liver, cod liver oil, fish. Our skins also produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight
Function – Helps body absorb and utilize calcium and phosphorus, to maintain bones, teeth and brain healthy, Maintains normal calcium level in blood
Symptoms of Deficiency – Children: rickets, Adults: Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis
Symptoms of Excess – Calcified cartilage, High calcium level in the blood causes abnormal heart beat and damage to organs such as kidneys, Vomiting, diarrhea, Sore eyes, Itchy skin
VITAMIN A (Retinol)
Source – Dairy products, cod liver oil, liver, dark green and yellow vegetables and fruits
Function – Maintains eye health, promotes growth and development, maintains healthy bones and teeth, Enhances the protection and regeneration of cells and mucous membrane, maintains healthy respiratory and intestinal tracts, Maintain healthy hair, nails and skin
Symptoms of Deficiency – Night blindness, dry eyes, Dry skin, Stomach discomfort, Poor growth, Weak bones and teeth
Symptoms of Excess – Dry, scaly, peeling, and itchy skin, rash, Hair loss, Poor appetite, fatigue, Vomiting, stomach discomfort, Liver injury, Headache, bone pain, Nervousness, irritability
VITAMIN B1 (Thymine)
Source – sprouts, yeast
Disease – Beri-beri
VITAMIN B2 (Ryboflabin)
Source – sprout, present in cow’s milk(yellowish)
Disease – Cheilosis, ulceration
VITAMIN B6 (Pyridoxine)
Function- It is responsible for remembering dreams.
Symptoms of Deficiency – Anaemia, Nervousness, insomnia, depression, Muscle cramps
VITAMIN C (Ascorbic acid)
Source – Citrus fruits like orange, grapefruit, lemon, strawberry, black current, kiwi fruit, tomato, green leafy vegetables, green pepper
Function – Helps synthesize collagen; promotes the growth and repair of cells, gum, teeth, blood vessels and bones, helps healing after operation and injury, helps calcium and iron absorption, Enhances immunity
Symptoms of Deficiency – Scurvy, Gum inflammation and bleeding, fall of teeth, Susceptibility to skin bleeding, burst of capillary vessels, Weakness, fatigue, Bone pain, swollen and aching joints
Symptoms of Excess- Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Kidney stone
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