We thank M. van Duijvenbode for coordinating the logistical aspects of this conference, and A. de Jong for assistance with financial management. We thank EMBO, InvivoGen, Bio-Connect, Trilogie Bioscience, GenScript, Morpho-Biotech, Miltenyi Biotec, Revvity, European Federation of Immunological Societies, European Journal of Immunology, Science Signaling, Science Immunology, EMBO Reports, BCCM/GeneCorner, and the Leiden Institute for Immunology for sponsoring this conference. We are grateful to all speakers for sharing their insights and perspectives on pathogen immunity and for allowing us to incorporate their research in this meeting report.