It turned out that the immune system affects not only protection against infections, but also the general behavior of the body
LIGA.net news editor, “Life” section
Illustrative photo: Magnific
When the body responds to illness by becoming tired, having a decreased appetite, or wanting to avoid people, it can feel like a problem. In fact, these changes are the body’s natural strategy to support recovery and survival, writes Earth.com.
These changes during illness may not be random problems, but part of a coordinated strategy by the body. Scientific reviews suggest that “disease behavior” encompasses different levels – from cells and organs to behavior – and they all work together as the body fights infection.
The immune system can influence not only the defense against infections but also the behavior of the entire body. Studies show that its “dialog” with the brain explains loss of appetite or exhaustion during illness, as the body changes its energy use and the way it interacts with the world.
Scientists no longer view the brain as completely separate from the immune system: there is a constant exchange of signals between them, known as the “brain-immunity axis.” During an infection, this connection becomes apparent as the body changes its behavior to conserve energy and reduce the risk of new threats.
When the system fails
The immune system, which normally protects the body, can cause problems if its response is not completed properly. In this case, chronic inflammation occurs, which can damage tissue and affect brain function
Long COVID is one example that is being actively studied. Researchers are looking at two main possibilities: either small amounts of the virus remain in the body, or the immune system continues to be active even after the virus has disappeared.
At the same time, the connection between inflammation and mental health complicates the picture: people with intestinal diseases are often at increased risk of anxiety and depression. The interaction between the brain and body works both ways, creating a vicious cycle that scientists continue to explore.
In the new issue podcast “What is it like to live?” infectious disease doctor Fedir Lapiy explained how immunity works and whether we can strengthen it.